Prefixes (อุปสรรค) คือ ส่วนของคำที่อยู่หน้าคำที่บ่งบอกความหมายของคำ
Suffixes (ปัจจัย) คือ ส่วนของคำที่อยู้ท้ายคำบ่งบอกความหมายของคำ
Root (รากคำ) คือ ส่วนที่เป็นควาามหมายหลักของคำ
อาจอยู่ตำแหน่งใดของคำก็ได้
ตัวอย่าง
|
Prefix
|
Meaning
|
Example
|
คำแปล
|
|
anti
bi
con
contra
hyper
il
im
in
ir
inter
intra
mal
micro
mis
mono
multi
poly
non
post
pre
pseud
re
semi
sub
|
trans against,
opposite
two
together,
with
against
over
not
not
not
not
between
within
bad
small
wrong
one
many
many
not
after
before
fake
back,
again
half
under
|
antisocial
bicycle
convene
contradict
hypertension
illegal
imperfect
incorrect
irresponsible
international
intra
university
malnutrition
microskirt
misunderstand
monotony
multicolor
polyclinic
nonsense
post
war
pre war
pscudopod
recall
semi
tone
submarine
|
ต่อต้านสังคม
รถจักรยาน
ประชุม
ขัดแย้ง
ความดันโลหิตสูง
ผิดกฎหมาย
ไม่สมบูรณ์
ไม่ถูกต้อง
ไม่รับผิดชอบ
ระหว่างชาติ
ภายในมหาวิทยาลัย
ทุโภชนาการ
กระโปรงสั้น
เข้าใจผิด
เสียงระดับเดียว
หลายสี
คลีนิคที่รักษาหลายโรค
ไร้สาระ
หลังสงคราม
ก่อนสงคราม
ขา(เท้า)ปลอม
ระลึกได้
ครึ่งเสียง
เรือดำน้ำ
|
ที่มา http://www.thaigoodview.com/library/teachershow/samutprakan/bussara_c/critical_english/sec04p01.html
COMMON ROOT WORDS
AND WORD ORIGINS
|
ROOTS
|
MEANING
|
WORD
|
|
alter
|
other
|
alternate, alter ego
|
|
ami, amic-
|
love
|
amiable, amicable
|
|
amphi
|
both ends or all sides
|
amphibian
|
|
ann, enni
|
year
|
anniversary, annual, biennial,
perennial
|
|
anthrop
|
human, man
|
anthropology, anthropomorphic,
misanthrope
|
|
aqua, aque
|
water
|
aquatic, aquarium, aqueduct
|
|
arch
|
chief, leader, ruler
|
archangel, monarch, archaic,
archenemy
|
|
arthro
|
joint
|
arthritis
|
|
aud
|
sound
|
auditorium, audible, audiologist,
audiotape
|
|
bell
|
war
|
belligerent, bellicose
|
|
biblio
|
book
|
bibliography, bibliophile
|
|
bio-
|
life
|
biography, autobiography, biology,
antibiotic
|
|
brev
|
short
|
brief, abbreviate
|
|
cap
|
take, seize
|
capture, captivate, capacity
|
|
carn
|
meat
|
carnivorous, chili con carne
|
|
ced
|
yield, go
|
recede, secede, proceed,
intercede, concession
|
|
chrom-
|
color
|
chromatic, monochrome, polychrome
|
|
chron-
|
time
|
chronicle, chronology,
chronometer, synchronize
|
|
cogn
|
know
|
recognize, cognitive, incognito
|
|
cord/chord
|
cord
|
harpsichord
|
|
corp
|
body
|
corpus, corpse, corporal
|
|
crac, crat
|
rule, ruler
|
autocrat, democracy, bureaucrat, democracy
|
|
cred
|
believe
|
credible, credulous, credibility,
credit, credo
|
|
cruc
|
cross
|
crucifix, crucial
|
|
crusta
|
shell
|
crustacean
|
|
crypt
|
hidden
|
cryptogram, cryptology, cryptic
|
|
culp
|
guilt
|
culpable, culprit
|
|
dei
|
god
|
deity, deify
|
|
demo-
|
people
|
demography, democracy, epidemic
|
|
dent
|
tooth
|
dentist, dentifrice, dentin
|
|
derm-
|
skin
|
dermatology, epidermis, hypodermic
|
|
dic
|
speak, say
|
dictate, predict, diction, indict
|
|
dox
|
belief, opinion
|
orthodoxy, paradox, heterodoxy
|
|
duc, duct
|
lead
|
induce, deduce, seduction, conduct,
abduct
|
|
duo
|
two
|
duo
|
|
dynam-
|
power
|
dynamo, hydrodynamics
|
|
ego
|
self
|
egotist, egomania
|
|
equ
|
equal
|
equal, equity, equanimity, equate,
equidistant
|
|
fac
|
make, do
|
manufacture, factory, benefactor
|
|
fil
|
threadlike
|
filament
|
|
frater
|
brother
|
fraternal, fraternize
|
|
gam-
|
marriage
|
monogamy, polygamy, bigamy
|
|
geo-
|
earth
|
geopolitical, geology, geography,
geothermal
|
|
glyph
|
vertical groove
|
Hieroglyphics—Egyptian “sky
writing”
|
|
grad, gress
|
step
|
gradual, progression,
transgression
|
|
graph-
|
writing, printing
|
graphology, biography, telegraph,
geography
|
|
gym
|
naked
|
gymnasium
|
|
gyn-
|
woman
|
gynecologist, androgynous
|
|
hemo, hema, hem
|
blood
|
hemophilia, hematology, hemoglobin
|
|
holo
|
whole, entire
|
holograph
|
|
hydro, hydr
|
water
|
dehydrate, hydraulics,
hydroelectric, hydroplane
|
|
iso
|
equal, identical
|
isolate
|
|
ject
|
throw
|
inject, reject, subject,
projection
|
|
jud
|
judge
|
judicial, judge, adjudicate
|
|
leg, lect
|
read, choose
|
legible, lectern, lecturer,
election
|
|
liter
|
letter
|
literature, illiterate, literal
|
|
loc
|
place
|
local, location
|
|
log
|
word
|
monologue, epilogue
|
|
luc
|
light
|
lucid, elucidate
|
|
magn
|
large
|
magnify, magnate, magnificent
|
|
man
|
hand
|
manufacture, manual, manuscript
|
|
mar
|
sea
|
marine, mariner
|
|
mater
|
mother
|
maternal, maternity, matriarchy,
matricide
|
|
mere
|
part, segment
|
mere
|
|
meta, met
|
behind, between
|
metacognition—behind the thinking
|
|
metri, meter-
|
measure
|
geometric, thermometer, odometer
|
|
min
|
small
|
minority, minuscule, minute
|
|
mit, miss
|
send
|
permit, submission, mission, emit,
|
|
mob, mot, mov
|
move
|
mobile, automobile, motion,
promote, movie
|
|
mon
|
warn
|
premonition, admonition
|
|
mor, mort
|
death
|
mortal, mortician, immortality
|
|
morph
|
form, structure
|
metamorphosis, amorphous,
morphology
|
|
mut
|
change
|
mutant, mutability, mutate
|
|
neuro
|
nerve
|
neurology, neurosis, neurobiology
|
|
nomen /nomin
|
name
|
nominal, nominate, nomenclature
|
|
nov
|
new
|
novel, renovate, innovation,
novella
|
|
nym, onym
|
word, name
|
synonym, acronym, anonymous,
pseudonym
|
|
odonto
|
tooth
|
orthodontist—one who straightens
teeth
|
|
ortho-
|
straight, correct
|
orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic
|
|
pac
|
peace
|
pacify, Pacific Ocean, pacifist
|
|
pater
|
father
|
paternal, paternity, patricide,
patrilineal, patriotic
|
|
path
|
feeling, suffering
|
sympathy, apathy, empathy,
telepathy, pathology
|
|
ped, pod
|
foot
|
pedal, pedometer, centipede, gastropod
|
|
pel, puls
|
push
|
pulsate, repulsive, impulse,
compel, propel
|
|
pend
|
hang, weigh
|
pendulum, pendant, suspend,
pending
|
|
phon-, phono-
|
sound, voice
|
telephone, euphony, cacophony,
phonograph
|
|
plan
|
flat
|
planar, plantation, plane
|
|
pneum
|
lung
|
pneumatic
|
|
pod
|
feet
|
podiatrist
|
|
port
|
carry
|
portable, transport, portage,
report,
|
|
pot
|
power
|
potent, omnipotent, potentate
|
|
psych-
|
soul, spirit, mind
|
psychology, psychic,
psychobiography
|
|
pugna
|
fight
|
pugnacious, pugilist
|
|
quer, quis
|
ask
|
query, inquisition,
|
|
scent, scend
|
climb
|
ascend, ascent
|
|
schizo, schiz
|
division, split
|
schizophrenic
|
|
sci
|
know
|
scientific
|
|
sciss
|
cut
|
scissors
|
|
scrib, script
|
write
|
manuscript, scribe, proscribe,
scripture
|
|
sec, sect
|
cut
|
dissect, section
|
|
sed, sess
|
sit
|
sedentary, session
|
|
sens, sent
|
feel, be aware
|
sensible, sentient
|
|
sequ, secu
|
follow
|
sequence, sequel, consecutive
|
|
serv
|
serve, protect
|
service
|
|
simil
|
same
|
similar, assimilate, simile,
facsimile (fax)
|
|
siphon
|
tube
|
siphon
|
|
sol
|
sun
|
solar
|
|
son
|
sound
|
sonar, resonate, unison
|
|
soph
|
wisdom, knowledge
|
philosophy, sophisticated,
sophomore (wise fool)
|
|
spec, spic
|
look, see
|
spectacles, spectator,
inauspicious, prospect
|
|
spir
|
coil
|
spiral
|
|
spir
|
breathe
|
inspire, respiration, conspire,
perspiration
|
|
spond, spons
|
promise, answer for
|
respond, responsible
|
|
spont
|
by one's own force
|
spontaneous
|
|
stat
|
stay, position
|
station
|
|
tang, tact
|
touch
|
tactile, tangible
|
|
temp
|
time
|
temporary, temporize
|
|
ten, tent
|
hold
|
tentative, tenable, tenuous
|
|
terr
|
earth
|
subterranean, terrain,
terrestrial, disinter
|
|
theo
|
god, deity
|
theology, polytheism, atheist,
monotheism
|
|
therm-
|
heat
|
thermal, thermos, thermometer
|
|
trophy
|
nutrition, food
|
atrophy—without nutrition
|
|
uro
|
urine
|
urologist
|
|
vac
|
empty
|
vacation, vacuum, vacuous, vacant
|
|
ven, vent
|
come, go
|
intervene, convene, contravene
|
|
ver
|
truth
|
veracity, verify, verity
|
|
vert
|
turn
|
introvert, irreversible, vertigo
|
|
vit
|
life
|
vital, revitalize, vitamin
|
|
voc
|
call
|
revoke, invocation, vocal,
evocative, convocation
|
|
zoo
|
animal
|
zoo, zoology, zoolatry
|
PREFIXES
|
PREFIX
|
MEANING
|
EXAMPLES
|
|
a-, an-
|
not, without
|
amoral, anesthetic, apolitical,
asocial
|
|
ab-
|
away from
|
abduction, abstain, abnormal
|
|
ad-
|
to, toward
|
adjoin, adjacent (lying near to)
|
|
ambi-
|
both
|
ambidextrous, ambivalent
|
|
ana-
|
up, back, again
|
analogy, anatomy, anagram
|
|
anti-
|
against
|
antipathy, antiwar, antisocial
|
|
apo-
|
from, away from
|
apology, apologize
|
|
auto-
|
self
|
autobiography, automobile,
autocracy, automaton
|
|
bene-
|
good
|
benediction benevolent benefactor
|
|
cata-, cat-
|
down, against
|
catastrophe--a turning down
|
|
centro, centri-
|
around, center
|
concentric, centrifugal
|
|
circum-
|
around
|
circumlocution circumference,
circumvent
|
|
com-
|
with, together
|
communal, community
|
|
con-
|
with, together
|
connect, confide conspire
|
|
contra-
|
against
|
contradict, contravene
|
|
de-
|
down, away
|
descend, deject (cast down)
|
|
dia-, di-
|
through, across
|
diameter, division
|
|
dis-
|
apart, not
|
disengage, discord, discomfort
|
|
dys-
|
ill, difficult, bad
|
dysfunctional, dysentery
|
|
e-
|
out of, from
|
elect (choose out of), eject
(throw out)
|
|
ecto-
|
on the outside
|
ectoderm--outer skin
|
|
en-, em-
|
in
|
empathy--feeling in
|
|
endo-
|
within, inside
|
endoscope--instrument for
observing inside
|
|
epi-
|
upon
|
epitaph epidermis, epicenter
|
|
eso-
|
inward, within
|
esoteric--more inward, esophagus
|
|
eu-
|
well, good
|
euthanasia--good death
|
|
ex-
|
out of, from
|
exhume, exhale, exodus
|
|
hetero-
|
other, different
|
heterosexual, heterodoxy,
heterodox heterogeneous
|
|
homo-
|
same
|
homosexual, homogeneous,
homogenized
|
|
hyper-
|
over
|
hypertension, hypersensitive,
hyperactivity
|
|
hypo-
|
under
|
hypotension, hypodermic
|
|
il-
|
not
|
illegitimate, illicit, illegal,
illegible
|
|
im-
|
not
|
imperfect, impolite, impossible
|
|
im-
|
into
|
imbibe (drink in, take in)
|
|
in-
|
not
|
indiscreet, invisible
|
|
in-
|
into
|
incorporate (take into the body)
|
|
inter-
|
between
|
intervene (come between),
interstate
|
|
intra-
|
within
|
intrastate, intramural
|
|
ir-
|
not
|
irregular, irrational,
irredeemable
|
|
macro-
|
large
|
macrocosm, macroeconomics
|
|
mal, male-
|
bad, evil
|
malediction malevolent,
malnutrition
|
|
meta-
|
beyond
|
metaphysical
|
|
micro-
|
small
|
microscope, microcosm,
microeconomics
|
|
mono-
|
one, single
|
monologue, monotheism, monarchy,
monogamy
|
|
neo-
|
new, recent
|
neologism, neo-liberal,
neonatology. neolithic
|
|
ob-
|
against
|
object, obstruct (build against)
|
|
palin-, pali-
|
back, again
|
palindrome
|
|
pan-
|
all, every
|
pantheism, Pan-Hellenic, panorama,
pandemic
|
|
para-
|
false
|
paramilitary, paralegal, parachute
|
|
per-
|
through
|
percolate (flow through) perforate
(punch through)
|
|
peri-
|
around
|
perimeter, periscope
|
|
phil-, philo-
|
like, lover of
|
philosophy, Francophile,
bibliophile, philanthropy
|
|
poly-
|
many, several
|
polygon, polygamy, polytechnic,
polytheism
|
|
post-
|
after
|
postgraduate, posthumous postpone
|
|
pre-
|
before
|
precede, predict (tell before)
|
|
pro-
|
for, forward
|
promote, project
|
|
pros-
|
toward, in front
|
prospect—view in front, something
coming up
|
|
proto-
|
first
|
prototype, protoplasm,
protobiology
|
|
pseudo
|
false
|
pseudonym, pseudoscience
|
|
re-
|
again, back
|
repeat, recede, regress (step
back)
|
|
retro-
|
back
|
retrogression, retroactive
|
|
se-
|
away from
|
seduce (lead away), secede
|
|
sub-
|
under
|
submarine, subject, subhuman
subterranean
|
|
sur-, super-
|
over, above
|
superhuman, superego, superintend,
surpass
|
|
syn-, sym-, syl-, sys-
|
with, together
|
symphony, synonym, system,
syllable
|
|
tele-
|
distant, far off
|
telephone, telepathy, television,
telegram
|
|
trans-
|
across
|
transient, Transatlantic,
transport (carry across)
|
SUFFIXES
|
SUFFIX
|
DEFINITION
|
EXAMPLE
|
|
-agog, -agogue
|
leader
|
demagogue, pedagogue
|
|
-cide
|
kill(ing)
|
patricide, infanticide, herbicide.
suicide
|
|
-ectomy
|
cutting
|
appendectomy, splenectomy
|
|
-ia, -y
|
act, state
|
amnesia, mania, democracy, anarchy
|
|
-ic, -tic, -ical, -ac
|
having to do with
|
anthropomorphic, dramatic,
biblical, cardiac
|
|
-ics
|
things having to do with
|
optics, physics
|
|
-isk, -iscus
|
small
|
asterisk--a little star
|
|
-ism
|
the belief in
|
pacifism, terrorism, socialism,
communism
|
|
-ist
|
one who believes in
|
pacifist, terrorist, socialist,
communist
|
|
-ite
|
one connected with
|
meteorite, polite, cosmopolite
|
|
-logy
|
study field of
|
biology, geology, etymology,
cardiology
|
|
-oid
|
resembling, like-shaped
|
asteroid, spheroid
|
|
-or, -er
|
one who takes part in
|
doctor, actor, teacher, driver
|
|
-phobia
|
exaggerated fear
|
photophobia, claustrophobia,
agoraphobia
|
|
-sis
|
act, state, condition of
|
analysis
|
ไม่มีความคิดเห็น:
แสดงความคิดเห็น